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Speyer Cathedral
The Speyer Cathedral, officially ''the Imperial Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption and St Stephen'', in Latin: Domus sanctae Mariae Spirae (German: ''Dom zu Unserer lieben Frau in Speyer'') in Speyer, Germany, is the seat of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Speyer and is suffragan to the Archdiocese of Bamberg. The cathedral, which is dedicated to St. Mary, patron saint of Speyer ("Patrona Spirensis") and St. Stephen is generally known as Kaiserdom zu Speyer (Imperial Cathedral of Speyer).〔(speyer.de | Speyer Cathedral ). Information from home page. Retrieved 5 December 2006.〕 Pope Pius XI raised Speyer Cathedral to the rank of a minor basilica of the Roman Catholic Church in 1925.
Begun in 1030 under Conrad II, with the east end and high vault of 1090-1103, the imposing triple-aisled vaulted basilica of red sandstone is the "culmination of a design which was extremely influential in the subsequent development of Romanesque architecture during the 11th and 12th centuries".〔 As the burial site for Salian, Staufer and Habsburg emperors and kings the cathedral is regarded as a symbol of imperial power.〔Máté Major: Geschichte der Architektur, Vol. 2, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1979, special German edition 1988〕〔dtv-Atlas zur Baukunst, Vol. 2, 1981, Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, Munich, ISBN 3-423-03021-6〕 With the Abbey of Cluny in ruins, it remains the largest Romanesque church.〔http://www.dom-speyer.de/daten/domspeyer/seiten/bauwerk.html〕 It is considered to be "a turning point in European architecture",〔Cole, Emily, General Editor, Bulfinch Press, Little, Brown and Co., 2002, Boston, USA, ISBN 0-8212-2774-2〕
one of the most important architectural monuments of its time〔Oursel, Raymond, Stierlin, Henri: Architektur der Welt, Vol. 4:Romanik, Benedikt Taschen Verlag Berlin/Editions Office Du Livre, Lausanne, p. 129〕 and one of the finest Romanesque monuments.〔Stalley, Roger: Early Medieval Architecture, Oxford University Press, Oxford, Great Britain, 1999, ISBN 0-19-210048-3, p.214-215〕〔http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0860785.html〕〔http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Romanesq.html〕
In 1981, the cathedral was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List of culturally important sites as "a major monument of Romanesque art in the German Empire".〔〔http://www.dom-speyer.de/daten/domspeyer/seiten/kurzundknapp.html〕〔Dethard von Winterfeld: ''Romanik am Rhein''. Stuttgart 2001, S. 66〕〔(Welterbestätten Deutschland ) (UNESCO World Heritage Germany) (Speyer Cathedral ). Retrieved 5 December 2006. 〕
==History and architecture==
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